Experiment to investigate the effect of temperature on respiration in yeast Essay Example

Experiment to investigate the effect of temperature on respiration in yeast Essay In my experiment I used the following I used the following apparatus:* Test tube* Delivery tube* Thermometer* Beaker (300ml)* Beaker (100ml)* Yeast* Glucose* Tripod* Bunsen burner* Heating mat* Measuring cylinder* StopwatchIn my experiment I am investigating how temperature effects the respiration in yeast.MethodIn my experiment I first of all gather the above apparatus. I will fill the three hundred mills beaker with water and then place my test tube inside of it, the test tube will contain, so many parts glucose and so many parts yeast, but both parts have to add to twenty-five mills. (Each time so that it will be a fair test). The test tube will have a rubber bung on the top of it, which is attached to a delivery tube, and the other end of the delivery tube was in a smaller beaker, which is filled with water so that I could count the bubbles.Once this was set up, I heated the large beaker; the water heated, which heated the yeast then gave off gas through the delivery tube, which created bubbles in the smaller beakers water.This process was carried out I then heated the water In the larger beaker to 40 degrees then started the stopwatch for thirty second then recorded the bubbles, I did this each time going up in stages of ten degrees up to hundred degrees.I predict that the bubbles will increase until a certain time where the process wont stop producing until the glucose particles have collided with all the yeast particles the they can not collide anymore this is when the bubbles stop producing, they start colliding because temperature does increase the rate that particles move in.The things that I will measure are as follows:* Beakers* Yeast* Glucose* Time* Temperature* VolumeIn order for me to measure the glucose, yeast I will use a measuring cylinder. Measuring cylinder is the best thing for this kind of small measuring I chose this method because it is precise and easy to use.The quantities that I will change will be the glucose and yeast because then I can find out which is the formula that will produce the most bubbles. I also could of changed the time, but I didnt because I ran out of time unfortunately, this would of told me more on how temperature does effect on respiration in yeast, because instead of the 30 seconds I would of done 40 seconds, which I think would of lead to me find out that a lot more bubbles are produced and then recording this in o graph and basically going in to futher detail and invertigatiomnIn order to keep the experiment a fair one I will carry out the following:* Keep all measurements the same as the previous experiment/s.* Time limit the same.* Record all results the same also.So that my experiment is safe I will* Put my stool under the desk.* Wear goggles.* Clear desk.Table of first readings second readingsTemperatureBubbles/min19621923102412261528163125342435273736383841424344444548465248534055265918613630650680691700750800861900TemperatureBubbles/minute19621923102412261428253124342735363738384241 4443454446484852255318553591610630640650681690700750800860900The things that may make my experiment inaccurate could be:* Time* Temperature* Measurement* Same apparatus.In my experiment I didnt make any mistake to my knowledge, I put my stool under my table, wore goggles, and cleared my desk so that that I would be safe from any chemicals that may spill.The measurements I used added up to twenty-five for example: five mills glucose and 20 mills yeast. (These changed each time)The average amount of bubbles= 532 % 29 = 18. 3 bubbles (1.dp)The first set of results told me that: between o% and 18% there wasnt a change in the respiration of yeast and glucose, but when it reached 19% the respiration began to increase rapidly up to the peak point of 48% with 46 bubbles. From 48% it then started to decease quickly until it hit the bottom at 63% with no bubbles where it stayed at a result of 0 bubbles all the way to a 100% where I could clearly see there wasnt going to be a change so I ended the experiment.The second set of results told me: between 0 and 18% there was no bubbles produced, but from 19% to 56 % bubbles increased from 3 to 48. From 48% to 62% bubbles decrease to 0 and stayed this was until the experiment was over.From my tables and graphs I have learnt that 19 % is the point where yeast and glucose begin to respirate. And around 62 % is where the yeast begins to run out and gradually stops producing bubbles. I think the yeast runs out because the glucose can no longer feed it or the other alternative is the glucose runs out because the yeast thrives on it which causes the yeast not to respirate and there for the process the ends.From what the graphs and tables told me, it has proven my prediction wrong.My result I think were good and told me what I think is the right answer, I think now I have done the experiment that I should have done more experiments and really proven my conclusion with more than a few graphs.The thing that didnt seem to fit which happ ened in both cases of my experiments was that once the temperature had reached 62 % (which was the end of the respiration) it didnt have any bubbles then when it reached about 70 % it produced a bubbles I think this is because the yeast still respirates a bit, and produces its final bubble?My results did help me solve my problem because the temperature did effect the respiration in yeast (as I stated above).I think my results are fairly reliable but not as reliable, as If I would have done them more than twice.If I was going to do my experiment and whole investigation again I would the only thing I would change would be more results. So I would have a firmer conclusion. Also because my formula added up to 25 mills I think I would increase that to about 50 mills and see if this made any difference. If I were going to increase the concentration to 50 mills I think my prediction would be that instead of the peak temperature being around 62% I think I t would be around 100%. I thought t his because it would take longer for the yeast to respirate.There were a number of things that were inaccurate in my experiment the first one being the temperature, I wasnt sure if I was supposed to start the stopwatch then record the bubbles for 30 seconds or time 30 seconds then record the bubbles. Looking back now on my experiment I see that I should of changed my water every time, i.e.) once I have recorded the bubbles for 10 degrees then change the water and then heat it too 20 degrees and record it.

Personal Information Use and Identity Theft

Personal Information Use and Identity Theft Identity theft is the use of another person’s identifying facts to perpetrate a fraud. According to Saunders and Zucker (1999), some of the economic crimes perpetrated are opening bank account, leasing cars or apartments, applying for bank or departmental store cards and obtaining credit. Reported Fraud increased from 12,000 in 1992 to more than 500,000 in 1999 due to increased use of internet data base (Saunders Zucker, 1999).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Personal Information Use and Identity Theft specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Identification information is made available to an organization as a means of authentication. Banks and other financial institutions use mother’s maiden name, phone number, driving license or social security number to authenticate an individual. Perpetuators of Identity theft access these facts by pick pocketing, obtaining temporary employment in banks, collectin g mails or collecting wastes containing the information from thrash bins (Saunders Zucker, 1999). Before 1998, laws which were available did not address the problem of identity theft adequately (Saunders Zucker, 1999). Some legislation regulated collection and use of personal information by organizations while others like Truth-in-Lending Act of 1968 required sellers to disclose their credit to debtors. Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act was introduced in 1997. It was passed and signed into law in 1998. The act recognizes private citizens as victims of identity theft and criminalizes the act. The first objective of the act has not been achieved. This is because people involved are not always traced, found guilty due to poor evidence or do not have substantial income or assets to compensate their victims. Secondly, sentencing commission is allowed to enact harsh penalties based on the level of involvement by perpetrator, amount of loss and composition of the commission.Ad vertising Looking for research paper on intellectual property? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Finally, the Federal Trade commission is mandated to educate the public, receive and document reports, coordinate complaints from consumers and establish procedures for public to file complains (Saunders Zucker, 1999). Lane and Sui Lane and Sui (2010) conducted a study which examined identity theft from a geospatial perspective. The study provided a national scale analysis of identity theft patterns in the United States between 2002 and 2006. Results showed presence of regional trends across the United States. They found out that cyber crimes can change traditional crime spatial barriers. They used data from the Federal Trade Commission and demographic data from the United States Census Bureau. GIS mapping and spatial statistics analysis showed that results were consistent with media reports on the geography of identity th eft. Highest per capita rates were recorded in southwestern states. The central States and upper New England recorded the lowest per capita rates. Areas with high Hispanic populations had higher demographic correlations (Lane and Sui, 2010). Credit card identity theft showed similar trend to those of overall identity theft. Lane and Sui (2010) found out that government and employment related identity thefts were concentrated in southern states. Credit card and bank related identity thefts were concentrated in western states. Overall value of Identity theft per capita was higher in western states in 2002. It had expanded to more states by the year 2006. Government related identity theft shifted gradually from western states to eastern states form 2002 to 2006. Results of the study adhered to historic patterns of traditional larceny. Although, larceny is considered as traditional crime and identity crime is considered as a white collar crime, they both involve stealing valuables throu gh non-violent methods.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Personal Information Use and Identity Theft specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Crime is a product of culture. This is why, there are different values of per capita in non-city areas. The form of government documentation and benefits of fraud have contributed to the increase in identity theft (Lane and Sui, 2010). McCarthy Honey pot intruders used Internet Relay Chat to communicate with friends in the past. This was observed by Honey pot operators. Through the observations, operators knew when an intruder wanted to attack. Intruders used automated tools to access information about a group called black hats (McCarthy, 2003). Since Honey pot was not instrumental in data capture, intruders could be observed through packet capture network tariff. After entering Honey pot, the intruders downloaded a collection of tools called Cywing from cywing.com. They used the tools to conceal their identities and continue communicating using Internet Relay Chat. After monitoring IRC tariffs for sometimes, Honey pot operators realized that credit card information was being shared. Communication was taking place between a software and a human being. In 2003, DALnet banned listing channels because of shared information. Owners of such fraudulent websites used stolen credit card information to pay service providers. They also applied some tactics after their fraud was discovered. They were sometimes taken offline forcing them to relocate. Researchers downloaded and studied the â€Å"bot† used from one site. It contained a Trojan Horse which attempted to compromise computer and install remote program to be used for control. Human to human communication was also observed (McCarthy, 2003). They made announcements online. It was also noticed that not all credit cards information came from computers.Advertising Looking for research paper on intellectual property? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Channels conveyed messages to carders working at banks, hotels and restaurants who sell credit cards. People purchased such information with as little as $10. Communities inhibiting IRC and other websites do not portray themselves as criminals (McCarthy, 2003). Lane, Gina W., and Daniel, Z. Sui. â€Å"Geographies of identity theft in the U.S.: understanding spatial and demographic patterns in 2002–2006.† GeoJournal (2010): Web. McCarthy, Bill. Automated Identity theft. Azusa Pacific University, 2003. Web. Saunders, Kurt M., and Bruce Zucker. â€Å"Countering Identity Fraud in the Information Age: The identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act.† International Review of Law Computers 13.2 (1999): 183-193. Print.

Definition and Examples of Elenchus in Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Elenchus in Rhetoric In a dialogue,  elenchus is  the Socratic method of questioning someone to test the cogency, consistency, and credibility of what he or she has said. Plural: elenchi. Adjective: elentic. Also known as the Socratic elenchus, Socratic method,  or elenctic method. The aim of the elenchus, says Richard Robinson, is to wake men out of their dogmatic slumbers into genuine intellectual curiosity (Platos Earlier Dialectic, 1966).For an example of  Socrates use of elenchus, see the excerpt from Gorgias (a  dialogue  written by  Plato  around 380 BC) at the entry for Socratic Dialogue. See Examples and Observations below. Also, see: DialecticSocratic DialogueAporiaArgument  and ArgumentationDiaphoresisDissoi LogoiProofRefutation EtymologyFrom the Greek, to refute, examine critically Examples and Observations Socrates famous method of refutationthe elenchustended to induce the experience of emptiness in others: an interlocutor would begin thinking he knew what justice or courage or piety is, and in the course of the conversation would be reduced to confusion and self-contradiction. For his own part, Socrates was the ancient Hellenic version of the Cheshire cat, fading away into his own smile. . . . In short, Socrates had an uncanny gift for bringing others to the brink of anxiety.(Jonathan Lear, The Examined Life. The New York Times, October 25, 1998)A Model of the ElenchusThe elenchus is often used in describing the Socratic dialectical method. This model in its simplest form can be sketched as follows: Socrates lets one of his interlocutors pose a definition of x, after which Socrates will interrogate the interlocutor up to the point where the latter has to admit this definition was, indeed, wrong and that he does not know what x is. This model of the elenchus can indeed be found in som e dialoguesI think especially in the early dialogues.(Gerard Kuperus, Traveling With Socrates: Dialectic in the Phaedo and Protagoras. Philosophy in Dialogue: Platos Many Devices, ed. by Gary Alan Scott. Northwestern University Press, 2007) Multiple MeaningsVarious terms are used in [Platos] dialogues in connection with Socrates manner of inquiring and interrogating, but none of them is used consistently by Plato in any precise or technical way that would legitimize it as Platos label for the philosophers approach. . . .Still, in the last 30 or 40 years, it has become rather standard for commentators to use the term Socratic elenchus as a label for Socrates way of philosophizing in the dialogues. . . .It is fundamentally unclear whether the elenchus is supposed to refer to a process (in which case it could mean to cross-examine, to put to the test, to put to the proof, or to indicate) or a result (in which case it could mean to shame, to refute, or to prove). In short, there is no general agreement about the elenchus, and therefore no consensus either about its employment in the dialogues.(Gary Alan Scott, Introduction to Does Socrates Have a Method?: Rethinking the Elenchus in Platos Dialogues. Penn State, 2004) A Negative MethodSocrates is considered one of the founding fathers of Western philosophy but, problematically for scholars, his thought is preserved only through the accounts of his students, most notably in Platos dialogues.His most significant contribution to Western thought is the Socratic method of debate or Method of Elenchus, a dialectical method of questioning, testing and ultimately improving a hypothesis. Through asking a series of questions, the method sought to show contradictions in the beliefs of those who posed them ​and systematically move towards a hypothesis-free from contradiction. As such, it is a negative method, in that it seeks to identify and demarcate that which a person does not know, rather than which he does. Socrates applied this to the testing of moral concepts, such as justice. Plato produced 13 volumes of Socratic Dialogues, in which Socrates would question a prominent Athenian on moral and philosophical issues. So often cast as the questioner, it is hard to establish any of Socrates own philosophical beliefs. He said his wisdom was an awareness of his own ignorance, and his statement, I know that I know nothing is often quoted.(Arifa Akbar, Arrogance of Socrates Made a Compelling Case for His Death. The Independent [UK], June 8, 2009) Alternate Spellings: elenchos

Family ReResiliency Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Family ReResiliency Assessment - Essay Example Strong families solve problems with cooperation, creative brainstorming, and openness to others. (Walsh, 2006) A family's ability to recover from crisis is influenced by life stressors and by family perceptions. A family's goals, values, problem solving skills, and support networks impact its adaptation to long-term stress and crisis. Family resiliency includes characteristics, dimensions, and properties which help families to be resistant to disruption in the face of change and adaptive in the fact of crisis situations. (Walsh, 2006) Children and adults who learn the values and skills of resiliency will cope with stress, manage relationships, and contribute to others' lives more consistently than those without such strengths. This assignment asks me to explore my own family resiliency and to analyze our strengths and weaknesses. The question, at the end of this paper is "Are we resilient" I cannot say that the research I have completed on my family actually answers the question. I imagine that I am subconsciously biased in my presentation and accordingly, may not be capable of completing an untainted assessment. However, I can say that in the grand scheme of research our coping skills are appropriate. The father of my family is the one seated with power. He ultimately makes the rules and my mother conforms to it. While this does not fit in well with the American culture, it is a backboard of the Haitian Culture. (McGoldrick, 2005). I would consider my family to be over protective. I include myself in this label. We monitor each other as concerns what we feel are crucial life choices. This includes selecting friends, and intimate relationships. We also watch out for each other financially. My ability to help my family financially is a tremendous source of pride for me. (McGoldrick, 2005) Those who assist their family members with finances are highly respected in the Haitian culture. (McGoldrick, 2005). Indeed, when one family member cannot contribute financially to the family, it can see as a reason to break ties. (McGoldrick, 2005). Thankfully, I have not found myself in that situation. When each of us makes a life choice, it is discussed with the entire family. For example, taking this course as part of my education is something that was part of my family discussion. This is not to say that had they advised me, not to take this class that I would have followed their advice. Although we are protective with one another, we respect each other and respect the decisions, made by one another. Thus, if one of us made the wrong decision, my family would not throw it in one another's face and create conflict. Rather, they would say, "yes, you made a mistake, and you learned from it, now move on". I suppose I would liken my family to the Haitian proverb "During times of hunger, sweet potatoes have no skin". This proverb is meant to convey how my culture remains strong during times of adversity. (McGoldrick, 2005). We feel that as a family, we stick together and thus feed off of each

The Role of Strategic PR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Role of Strategic PR - Essay Example The first priority will be entrenching the image of Unilever UK as a healthy, eco-friendly, and happiness-inducing company. With this foundation should come smaller, internal and external campaigns to spread the firm declaration of these ideas to the Government, trendsetters within the community, investors, Unilever UK employees, and both traditional and social media outlets. Each situation has unique challenges and potential rewards, and thus must have tailored campaigns. In addition, Unilever UK will push into the young boy and girl deodorant market with the introduction of Dove Boy and Dove Girl. This will utilize some of the strategies of Unilever UK as a whole, with the addition of some specific marketing moves. The first step is to analyze the position and necessary response for Unilever UK to achieve its goals in 2011. A combination of anti-corporatism and fiscal restraint by individuals and the government alike has resulted in a new set of problems for Unilever UK. The UK had a .5% decrease in the fourth quarter of 2010, and expected GDP for 2011 was recently reduced to 1.5% (Archer, 2011). Because of this, consumers in the UK will spend less than before the global recession. Thus, marketing techniques and results must be upgraded if Unilever UK is to maintain or expand its current position. Positively, commensurate with the decline in the global economy came a decline in demand for advertisements, making advertising prices in the UK through traditional media fall significantly (Daily Mail Reporter, 2009). But pure economics will not make Unilever UK’s advertising plans successful- it will take a seasonal, trendy, and multi-genre campaign to ensure Unilever UK improves its sales and image as much as possible. Also, Unilever UK needs to maintain positive relations with the government of the UK, which has taken the middle ground on corporate relations, both prosecuting (Murphy, 2011) and permitting (Sweney, 2011) anti-competitive practices. Good re lations with the media, influential individuals, investors, employees and the traditional media will depend on a personal relationship with each, coupled with the enforcement of the companies values across the spectrum of society. Next, it is necessary to determine the aim of Unilever UK for this year. 2011 needs to be a year of enforcing the values of Unilever UK. That is: always working with integrity, positive impact, continuous commitment, setting out our aspirations, and working with others (Unilever). To promote all of these values, Unilever UK should utilize a widespread campaign to garner public support. This should include traditional and nontraditional media. Also, Unilever UK should ensure the support of the government, influential individuals, investors, employees, and the media. Some specific objectives of the campaign should be increasing the positive public opinion of Unilever UK, to be determined through non-invasive surveys and scouring opinions on the Internet. If an instance of a negative public image of Unilever UK comes about, Unilever UK should respond with a reasonable out showing of goodwill, addressing the problem directly, on as personal a level as possible, and positively. Another of Unilever UK’s objectives for 2011 should be to establish a personal relationship and dialogue with as many players in the UK marketplace as possible. This means Unilever UK must establish itself as an available resource on social media, as well as

History And Importance Of Algebra Mathematics Essay

History And Importance Of Algebra Mathematics Essay In this project I will talk about starting of history of the algebra which is one of most important branches of arithmetic and Founder of the algebra and meaning of algebra and its benefit of our daily life, how we can learn and teach best way. History of algebra Algebra is an ancient and one of the most basic  branches of  mathematics. although inventor is Muhammad Musa Al-Khwarizmi, It was not developed or invented by a single  person but it evolved over the centuries. The name algebra is itself of Arabic origin. It comes from the Arabic word al-jebr.  The word  was used in a book named The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing, written by the famous Persian mathematician Muhammad Musa al-Khwarizmi around 820 AD. Various derivations of the word algebra, which is of Arabian origin, have been given by different writers. The first mention of the word is to be found in the title of a work by Mohammed Musa al-Khwarizmi , who flourished about the beginning of the 9th century. The full title is  ilm al-jebr wal-muqabala (algebra equations opposite) ,  means Science, which contains the ideas of restitution and comparison, or opposition and comparison or resolution and equation,  jebr  being derived from the v erb  jabara,   to reunite, and  muqabala,  from  gabala,  to make equal. (The root  jabara  is also met with in the word  algebrista,  which means a bone-setter, and is still in common use in Spain.) The same derivation is given by Lucas Paciolus (Luca Pacioli), who reproduces the phrase in the transliterated form  alghebra e almucabala,  and ascribes the invention of the art to the Arabians.1 Although the term algebra is now in universal use, various other appellations were used by the Italian mathematicians during the Renaissance. mmmmmmmm Algebra is one of the main areas of pure mathematics that uses mathematical statements such as term, equations, or expressions to relate relationships between objects that change over time.  Many authors flourished algebra. by contributing specific field As well as Cuthbert Tunstall Cuthbert Tunstall (1474 -1559) was born in Hackforth, Yorkshire, England and died in Lambeth, London, England. He was a significant royal advisor, diplomat, and administrator, and he gained two degrees with great proficiency in Greek, Latin, and mathematics. In 1522, he wrote his first printed work that was devoted to mathematics, and this arithmetic book De arte supputandi libri quattuor  was based on Paciolis Suma. Robert Recorde 1Robert Recorde (1510-1558) was born in Tenby, Wales and died in London, England. He was a Welsh mathematician and physician and in 1557, he introduced the equals sign (=). In 1540, Recorde published the first English book of algebra The Grounde of Artes. In 1557, he published another book The Whetstone of Witte in which the equals sign was introduced. John Widman John Widman (1462-1498) was born in Eger, Bohemia, currently called Czech Republic and died in Leipzig, Germany. He was a German mathematician who first introduced + and signs in his arithmetic book Behende und hupsche Rechnung auf Allen kauffmanschafft. How is Algebra used in daily life? We use Algebra in finances, engineering, and many scientific fields. It is actually quite common for an average person to perform simple Algebra without realizing it. For example, if you go to the grocery store and have ten dollars to spend on two dollar candy bars. This gives us the equation 2x = 10 where x is the number of candy bars you can buy. Many people dont realize that this sort of calculation is Algebra; they just do it. 1. http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Where_is_Algebra_used_in_daily_life#ixzz1KS594VsI Basic laws of Algebra .   There are five basic laws of algebra governing the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.  And is expressed using the variables can be compensated for any number was.  These laws are: 1 substitution property of the collection.  And write x + y = y + x.  Means that the order is not important when collecting two issues as the result is the same.  For example, 2 + 3 = 3 + 2 (-8) + (- 36) = (-36) + (-8). 2 the property of the aggregate collection.  And write C + (r + p) = (x + y) + p, which means that when you raise three issues or more, it can collect any form of first, and then complete the collection without affecting the final product, for example, 2 + (3 + 4) = (2 + 3) + 4 or 2 + 7 = 5 + 4. 3 property substitution beaten.  And write xy = y Q.  Means that the order is not important when you hit the two issues as the result is the same.  For example, (2) (3) = (3) (2) and (-8) (- 36) = (-36) (-8). 4 aggregate property beaten.  And write Q (r p) = (xy) p.  Means that when you hit three or more numbers, it can hit any of them to form first, then complete the battery without affecting the final output.  For example, 2 (3 ÃÆ'- 4) = (2 ÃÆ'- 3) 4 or 2 (12) = (6) 4. 5 Distribution of property of multiplication over addition.  And writes: Q (r + p) = xy + x p. Clarify this important property in algebra the following example: 3 (4 + 5) = (3 ÃÆ'- 4) + (3 ÃÆ'- 5).  The multiplication of two numbers in the total number such as 3 (4 + 5) or 3 ÃÆ'- 9 equals the sum of multiplying the number one of the two numbers and multiplied by the number the second number.  Note that: 3 (4 + 5) = 3 (9) = 27 as well. (3 ÃÆ'- 4) + (3 ÃÆ'- 5) = 12 + 15 = 27. Other definitions.  It is important to know some other words used in algebra.  Valmkdar o 2-2 XY + R contains three parts linked to the processes of addition or subtraction, called an end to every part of it.  The amount of so-called compulsory component of the limit and only one Bouhid met, for example, 5 o r single limit, although it contains three elements (5, x, y) multiplied with each other and called each factor.  And know how much that amount binomial component of their double-edged reference collection or ask, for example, both x + y, 3, a 2-4 with a double-edged.  The polynomial is how much the component of the double-edged or more linked with each other or ask a reference collection, for example, Q r + p polynomial.  Note that the binomial is not only a special case of polynomial. That means the amounts set side by side in algebra they multiplied, Fidel expression on the 5 A product of a five-Issue 5 and is called a factor.  Since that 5 times the symbol a in algebra is called a gradient of the number 5. As well as in the formula a (x + r) is a factor (x + y) and (x + y) is a factor.  Since a = 1 ÃÆ'- a, we can always replace a formula 1a. Combination.  Similar to the process of bringing in algebra to a great extent than in the account.  For example, the sum of A and A is 2a.  We call a and 2 a similar double-edged because they contain the same variable.  And to collect two quantities Ghebretin or more similar use property of the distribution of multiplication over addition, for example. 2x + 3 x + 4 h is (2 + 3 + 4) Q 9 or Q, but we can not express the sum of two quantities is similar with a single.  For example, the sum of A and B written A + B.  And to collect 3a, 4 b 0.6 a and b use his replacement and assembly of the collection process.  It is clear that these special Tsaaadanna to collect any series of the border, written in any order.  And the compilation of similar border, we find that: 3a +6 a = 9 a and 4 b + b b = 5. So 3a +4 b + 6 a + b = 9 a + 5 b. The solution could be organized as follows: And to collect similar amounts of non-negative or positive, we were using a private distribution of multiplication over addition.  To make it clear that use the collection: (2a b  ² c + d 6 b  ² + 2 d ) and 4 (a + 3 b  ² c 4 d b  ² 3 d ) and 3 (a + 2 b  ² c + d 2 b  ² 4 d ) and (-2 A 8 b  ² c + d 6 b  ² + 6 d ). And the number 3, which appears in the border such as 2 a means that a variable multiplied by itself three times.  See: the cube.  Before the process of collecting such amounts arrange the border in the columns. Algebra equations Algebra equation include letters represent unknown numbers. It is one of the main branches of algebra in mathematics, where the mastery of mathematics depends on a proper understanding of algebra.  And uses the engineers and scientists algebra every day, and counts commercial and industrial projects on the algebra to solve many of the dilemmas faced by them.  Given the importance of algebra in modern life, it is taught in schools and universities all over the world. Symbolizes the number of anonymous letters in algebra, such as X or Y.  In some of the issues can be replaced only one number is indicated.  As an example note that even a simple sentence becomes + 3 = 8 should be correct to compensate for x number 5 because 5 + 3 = 8. In some other issues, it can compensate for the code number or more.  For example, in order to achieve the health of sentence constraint x + y = 12 may put Q equals 6 and Y equals 6, or Q equal to 4, and Y equal to 8.  In such sentences arrest, you can get several values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹for x makes true if the sentences given for r different values. And admire many of the students of his ability and usefulness of algebra big, as using algebra, one can solve many of the issues that can not be resolved by using the only account.  For example, say the plane cut a distance of 1710 km in four hours if the flight in the direction of the wind blowing, but cut 1370 km in five hours if the flight was blowing the opposite direction of the wind.  Using algebra, we can find the speed of the plane and wind speed. Terminology used in algebra Exponent of the number placed on the number or variable from the left to indicate the number of times where it is used as a factor. Signals the assembly , brackets [].  And are used in algebra formulas to account for arrest. Square or second-degree variable multiplied by the same user as any  ¸ twice à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢. Binomial term in algebra consists of two double-edged symbol + or the symbol -. The number of fixed or variable scope set of one item. Roots of the equation numbers that make the equation correct a report when you replace the variables in the equation. Algebra is a branch of mathematics that substitutes letters for numbers. An algebraic equation represents a scale, what is done on one side of the scale with a number is also done to the other side of the scale. The numbers are the constants. Algebra can include real numbers, complex numbers, matrices, vectors. Moving from Arithmetic to Algebra will look like this: Arithmetic: 3 + 4 = 3 + 4 in Algebra it would look like: x + y = y + x The name algebra is derived from the treatise written by the Persian mathematician   Muhammad bin MÃ…Â «sÄ  al-KhwÄ rizmÄ « titled (in Arabic Al-Kitab al-Jabr wa-l-Muqabala   The development of algebra is outlined in these notes under the following headings: Egyptian algebra, Babylonian algebra, Greek geometric algebra, Diophantine algebra, Hindu algebra, Arabic algebra, European algebra since 1500, and modern algebra. Since algebra grows out of arithmetic, recognition of new numbers irrationals, zero, negative numbers, and complex numbers is an important part of its history. And  later became  known  to  science  in general  mathematical equations Best way to learn and teach algebra As you already know, algebra is an  essential subject. Its the gateway to mathematics. Its used extensively in the sciences. And its an important skill in many careers. Yet for many people Algebra is a  nightmare. It causes more stress, homework tears and plain confusion than any other subject on the curriculum. Well the good news is  you dont have to struggle with Algebra  for a minute longer. Because now theres a solution that explains Algebra in a way that  anyone can quickly understand. Algebra  is  an Arabic word  and  a branch  of  mathematics  and  its name  came from  the book  world of  mathematics, astronomy and  traveller  Muhammad ibn Musa  Khurazmi  (short book,  in the calculation of  algebra  and  interview)  which was submitted  by the  governing  algebraic  operations  to find solutions  to  linear and  quadratic  equations. The  algebra  is three branches of  basic  math  in addition to  geometry  and mathematical analysis  and the  theory of  numbers  and  permutations  and combinations.  And takes care of  this  science  to study  algebraic  structures  and symmetries, including, relations  and  quantities. And  algebra  is the  concept of  a broader  and more comprehensive  account  of the  primary  or  reparation.  It  does not  deal  with  numbers, but also  formulate dealings  with  symbols, variables and  categories  as well.  And  formulate Alibdehyat  algebra  and  relations  by which  can  represent any  phenomenon  in the universe.  So  is one of the  fundamentals  governing the  methods  of proof The Start of Algebra Algebra is an ancient and one of the most basic  branches of  mathematics. It was not developed or invented by a single  person but it evolved over the centuries. The name algebra is itself of Arabic origin. It comes from the Arabic word al-jebr.  The word  was used in a book named The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing, written by the famous Persian mathematician Muhammad ibn Musa ibn al-Khwarizmi around 820 AD. Various derivations of the word algebra, which is of Arabian origin, have been given by different writers. The first mention of the word is to be found in the title of a work by Mahommed ben Musa al-Khwarizmi (Hovarezmi), who flourished about the beginning of the 9th century. The full title is  ilm al-jebr wal-muqabala,  means Science, which contains the ideas of restitution and comparison, or opposition and comparison or resolution and equation,  jebr  being derived from the verb  jabara,  to reunite, and  muqabala,  from  gabala,  to make equal. (The root  jabara  is also met with in the word  algebrista,  which means a bone-setter, and is still in common use in Spain.) The same derivation is given by Lucas Paciolus (Luca Pacioli), who reproduces the phrase in the transliterated form  alghebra e almucabala,  and ascribes the invention of the art to the Arabians. Although the term algebra is now in universal use, various other appellations were used by the Italian mathematicians during the Renaissance. Algebra is one of the main areas of pure mathematics that uses mathematical statements such as term, equations, or expressions to relate relationships between objects that change over time.  Many authors flourished algebra. by contributing specific field As well as Cuthbert Tunstall Cuthbert Tunstall (1474 -1559) was born in Hackforth, Yorkshire, England and died in Lambeth, London, England. He was a significant royal advisor, diplomat, and administrator, and he gained two degrees with great proficiency in Greek, Latin, and mathematics. In 1522, he wrote his first printed work that was devoted to mathematics, and this arithmetic book De arte supputandi libri quattuor  was based on Paciolis Suma. Robert Recorde 1Robert Recorde (1510-1558) was born in Tenby, Wales and died in London, England. He was a Welsh mathematician and physician and in 1557, he introduced the equals sign (=). In 1540, Recorde published the first English book of algebra The Grounde of Artes. In 1557, he published another book The Whetstone of Witte in which the equals sign was introduced. John Widman John Widman (1462-1498) was born in Eger, Bohemia, currently called Czech Republic and died in Leipzig, Germany. He was a German mathematician who first introduced + and signs in his arithmetic book Behende und hupsche Rechnung auf Allen kauffmanschafft. How is Algebra used in daily life? Mathematics is one of the first things you learn in life. Even as a baby you learn to count. Starting from that tiny age you will start to learn how to use building blocks how to count and then move on to drawing objects and figures. All of these things are important preparation to doing algebra.. We use Algebra in finances, engineering, and many scientific fields. It is actually quite common for an average person to perform simple Algebra without realizing it. For example, if you go to the grocery store and have ten dollars to spend on two dollar candy bars. This gives us the equation 2x = 10 where x is the number of candy bars you can buy. Many people dont realize that this sort of calculation is Algebra; they just do it.2 - 2. http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Where_is_Algebra_used_in_daily_life#ixzz1KS594VsI Basic laws of Algebra .   There are five basic laws of algebra governing the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.  And is expressed using the variables can be compensated for any number was.  These laws are: 1 substitution property of the collection.  And write x + y = y + x.  Means that the order is not important when collecting two issues as the result is the same.  For example, 2 + 3 = 3 + 2 (-8) + (- 36) = (-36) + (-8). 2 the property of the aggregate collection.  And write C + (r + p) = (x + y) + p, which means that when you raise three issues or more, it can collect any form of first, and then complete the collection without affecting the final product, for example, 2 + (3 + 4) = (2 + 3) + 4 or 2 + 7 = 5 + 4. 3 property substitution beaten.  And write xy = y Q.  Means that the order is not important when you hit the two issues as the result is the same.  For example, (2) (3) = (3) (2) and (-8) (- 36) = (-36) (-8). 4 aggregate property beaten.  And write Q (r p) = (xy) p.  Means that when you hit three or more numbers, it can hit any of them to form first, then complete the battery without affecting the final output.  For example, 2 (3 ÃÆ'- 4) = (2 ÃÆ'- 3) 4 or 2 (12) = (6) 4. 5 Distribution of property of multiplication over addition.  And writes: Q (r + p) = xy + x p. Clarify this important property in algebra the following example: 3 (4 + 5) = (3 ÃÆ'- 4) + (3 ÃÆ'- 5).  The multiplication of two numbers in the total number such as 3 (4 + 5) or 3 ÃÆ'- 9 equals the sum of multiplying the number one of the two numbers and multiplied by the number the second number.  Note that: 3 (4 + 5) = 3 (9) = 27 as well. (3 ÃÆ'- 4) + (3 ÃÆ'- 5) = 12 + 15 = 27. Other definitions.  It is important to know some other words used in algebra.  Valmkdar o 2-2 XY + R contains three parts linked to the processes of addition or subtraction, called an end to every part of it.  The amount of so-called compulsory component of the limit and only one Bouhid met, for example, 5 o r single limit, although it contains three elements (5, x, y) multiplied with each other and called each factor.  And know how much that amount binomial component of their double-edged reference collection or ask, for example, both x + y, 3, a 2-4 with a double-edged.  The polynomial is how much the component of the double-edged or more linked with each other or ask a reference collection, for example, Q r + p polynomial.  Note that the binomial is not only a special case of polynomial. That means the amounts set side by side in algebra they multiplied, Fidel expression on the 5 A product of a five-Issue 5 and is called a factor.  Since that 5 times the symbol a in algebra is called a gradient of the number 5. As well as in the formula a (x + r) is a factor (x + y) and (x + y) is a factor.  Since a = 1 ÃÆ'- a, we can always replace a formula 1a. Combination.  Similar to the process of bringing in algebra to a great extent than in the account.  For example, the sum of A and A is 2a.  We call a and 2 a similar double-edged because they contain the same variable.  And to collect two quantities Ghebretin or more similar use property of the distribution of multiplication over addition, for example. 2x + 3 x + 4 h is (2 + 3 + 4) Q 9 or Q, but we can not express the sum of two quantities is similar with a single.  For example, the sum of A and B written A + B.  And to collect 3a, 4 b 0.6 a and b use his replacement and assembly of the collection process.  It is clear that these special Tsaaadanna to collect any series of the border, written in any order.  And the compilation of similar border, we find that: 3a +6 a = 9 a and 4 b + b b = 5. So 3a +4 b + 6 a + b = 9 a + 5 b. The solution could be organized as follows: And to collect similar amounts of non-negative or positive, we were using a private distribution of multiplication over addition.  To make it clear that use the collection: (2a b  ² c + d 6 b  ² + 2 d ) and 4 (a + 3 b  ² c 4 d b  ² 3 d ) and 3 (a + 2 b  ² c + d 2 b  ² 4 d ) and (-2 A 8 b  ² c + d 6 b  ² + 6 d ). And the number 3, which appears in the border such as 2 a means that a variable multiplied by itself three times.  See: the cube.  Before the process of collecting such amounts arrange the border in the columns. Algebra equations Algebra equation include letters represent unknown numbers. It is one of the main branches of algebra in mathematics, where the mastery of mathematics depends on a proper understanding of algebra.  And uses the engineers and scientists algebra every day, and counts commercial and industrial projects on the algebra to solve many of the dilemmas faced by them.  Given the importance of algebra in modern life, it is taught in schools and universities all over the world. Symbolizes the number of anonymous letters in algebra, such as X or Y.  In some of the issues can be replaced only one number is indicated.  As an example note that even a simple sentence becomes + 3 = 8 should be correct to compensate for x number 5 because 5 + 3 = 8. In some other issues, it can compensate for the code number or more.  For example, in order to achieve the health of sentence constraint x + y = 12 may put Q equals 6 and Y equals 6, or Q equal to 4, and Y equal to 8.  In such sentences arrest, you can get several values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹for x makes true if the sentences given for r different values. And admire many of the students of his ability and usefulness of algebra big, as using algebra, one can solve many of the issues that can not be resolved by using the only account.  For example, say the plane cut a distance of 1710 km in four hours if the flight in the direction of the wind blowing, but cut 1370 km in five hours if the flight was blowing the opposite direction of the wind.  Using algebra, we can find the speed of the plane and wind speed. Terminology used in algebra Exponent of the number placed on the number or variable from the left to indicate the number of times where it is used as a factor. Signals the assembly , brackets [].  And are used in algebra formulas to account for arrest. Square or second-degree variable multiplied by the same user as any  ¸ twice à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢. Binomial term in algebra consists of two double-edged symbol + or the symbol -. The number of fixed or variable scope set of one item. Roots of the equation numbers that make the equation correct a report when you replace the variables in the equation. Algebra is a branch of mathematics that substitutes letters for numbers. An algebraic equation represents a scale, what is done on one side of the scale with a number is also done to the other side of the scale. The numbers are the constants. Algebra can include real numbers, complex numbers, matrices, vectors. Moving from Arithmetic to Algebra will look like this: Arithmetic: 3 + 4 = 3 + 4 in Algebra it would look like: x + y = y + x The name algebra is derived from the treatise written by the Persian mathematician   Muhammad bin MÃ…Â «sÄ  al-KhwÄ rizmÄ « titled (in Arabic Al-Kitab al-Jabr wa-l-Muqabala   The development of algebra is outlined in these notes under the following headings: Egyptian algebra, Babylonian algebra, Greek geometric algebra, Diophantine algebra, Hindu algebra, Arabic algebra, European algebra since 1500, and modern algebra. Since algebra grows out of arithmetic, recognition of new numbers irrationals, zero, negative numbers, and complex numbers is an important part of its history. And  later became  known  to  science  in general  mathematical equations Best way to learn and teach algebra As you already know, algebra is an  essential subject. Its the gateway to mathematics. Its used extensively in the sciences. And its an important skill in many careers. Yet for many people Algebra is a  nightmare. It causes more stress, homework tears and plain confusion than any other subject on the curriculum. Well the good news is  you dont have to struggle with Algebra  for a minute longer. Because now theres a solution that explains Algebra in a way that  anyone can quickly understand. about How to learn algebra the easy way. Algebra is not that difficult as everyone thinks. With some practice hard work anyone can master it. How to learn algebra easy way The learning of any subject needs to understand well, and algebra is not exception to other branches of maths , as we know the maths is first thing we learn before anything else even before we go to school ,therefore it is easier than other subjects in my opinion . And started counting fingers even when you buying sweet .every one of us has knowledge of some collections like books ,cars, and so on ,it is good to use as groups we know as rats, cow ,pen . Some student surprise if you say 5x+4=24 but it will be easy to say 5cars=20 £ how much the price of one car? When we use variable numbers and letters instead of numbers only it is algebra, truly it is very fun and easy if we make more effort with understanding. To understand it needs to make more practice and follow up the rules, addition ,subtraction, multiplication, division and equality of equations because changing sign from side to side is very important and algebra is not exception to other branch of maths . Understanding and practice whenever you make more practice sure you will be mathematician person ,it is not difficult as many people afraid or think 1 LEARN ALGEBRA THE EASY WAY : The key to learn and understand Mathematics is to practice and Algebra is no exception. Understanding the concepts is very vital, without which you are going to have difficulty learning algebra. Algebra helps in problem solving, reasoning, decision making, and applying solid strategies which is important in your day to day life especially in a  job  atmosphere. Consider Algebra to be a game and you would find how easy it is, youll see the miracle ! 2 There are several techniques that can be followed to learn Algebra the easy way. Learning algebra from the textbook can be boring. Though textbooks are necessary it doesnt always address the need for a conceptual approach. There are certain techniques that can be used to learn algebra the fun and easy way. Listed below are some of the techniques that can be used. Do some online research and you will be surprised to find a whole bunch of websites that offer a variety of fun learning methods which makes learning algebra a pleasant experience and not a nightmare. But the key is to take your time in doing a thorough research before you choose the method that is best for you, or you can do a combination of different methods if you are a person who looks for variety to boost your interest. 3 1. ANIMATED ALGEBRA : You can learn the basic principles of algebra through this method. Animation method teaches the students the concepts by helping them integrate both teaching methods. When the lessons are animated you actually learn more ! 2. ALGEBRA QUIZZES : You can use softwares and learn at your own pace best of all you dont need a tutor to use it. What you really need is something that can help you with your own homework, not problems it already has programmed into it that barely look like what your teacher or professor was trying to explain. You can enter in your own algebra problems, and it works with you to solve them faster make them easier to understand. 3. INTERACTIVE ALGEBRA : There are several Interactive Algebra plugins that allows the user to  explore  Algebra by changing variables and see what happens. This promotes an understanding of how you arrive at answers. There are websites that provide online algebra help and worksheets. They also provide interactive online  games  and practice problems and provide the algebra help needed. It is difficult to recommend better methods for studying and for learning because the best methods vary from person to person. Instead, I have provided several ideas which can be the foundation to a good study program. If you just remember all the rules and procedures without truly understanding the concepts, you will no doubt have difficulty learning algebra. So the magic word is concept. The above techniques can help you in learning the concepts without pain in a fun environment Read more:  How to learn algebra the easy way ! | eHow.com  http://www.ehow.com/how_4452787_learn-algebra-easy-way.html#ixzz1M8en5qcH BIBLOGRAPHY

Personal Ethical Communication Statement

Having a strong character, I also have a predisposition to optimism that influences positively my communication. I use these personality characteristics to encourage others, but I have realized that my communication needs to be improved due to societal roles that affect my perceptions. Since the world is made up of different categories of people, cultures, and races with which I have to interact, I have the obligation to watch how my perceptions are formed and influenced. I always believe that the success is the fruit of a hard work or a higher education as a dominant perception; but when reading the text book â€Å"Human Communication in society, I have discovered that the opposite site should be taken into consideration. Focusing on hard work and education was blocking my sight to see what others people are trying. As inference, I thought that some people are living in poverty because they did not go to school or did not want to work hard. This is a wrong inference which I have decided to reject. I recognize that some people did not have the opportunity to go to school despite their willingness to do so. Being from Africa and black, I used to think that due to racial discrimination, the United States would never be led by a black person. The opposite side of my thoughts was proven since president Obama was elected in 2008. That thought was based on my individual experience and the historical time period that showed that among 43 presidents who led the U. S since it has been a country, there was no African American person. This has helped me understand that it is not a good idea to rely on experience or time period. Personally, I realized that I have been experiencing ethnocentrism to some degree because I thought that only my culture was giving more importance to marriage; and all other groups were negligent in the matter. Also, I was stereotyping a group of people according to what I heard about them that most of them were thieves or liars. This has led me to experience prejudice to one of my co-workers who belonged to that specific group. It affected our communication because I could not trust her or believe in what she could say. As a mother, I thought that I knew better than my children so that I could choose for them the kind and colors of their clothes, their fields of studies, their food and so on. To improve my communication with my children, I have decided to discuss with them about everything before letting them making their own choices.